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J Adv Pharm Technol Res. 2016
Oct-Dec;7(4):144-148.
Comparison of the effects of
methylphenidate and the combination of methylphenidate and risperidonein preschool children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Author information
Abstract
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common psychiatric disorder among preschool children but the number of
controlled clinical trials regarding psychopharmacological treatment in this
age group is limited. The aim of this study was to compare methylphenidate with
the combination of methylphenidate and risperidone in
preschool children with ADHD. Forty-two
preschool children, aged 3-6 years, diagnosed with ADHD by
a child and adolescent psychiatrist according to the Diagnostic and Statistical
Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition-Text Revision criteria, were enrolled
in a 6-week, single-blind clinical trial and administered with methylphenidate
(5-30 mg/dl) or the combination of methylphenidate and risperidone (0.25-2 mg/dl) in Iran. Treatment
outcomes were assessed using the Conners' Rating Scale and Clinical Global
Impression (CGI) Scale at baseline and 3 and 6 weeks after starting the drugs
administration. Side effects were rated by a checklist and body weight was
measured at each visit. There were no significant differences between the two
protocols in Parent Conners' Rating Scale scores (P > 0.05) and
CGI scores (P > 0.05). Both groups showed a significant
improvement in ADHD symptoms over the 6
weeks of treatment for Parent Conners' Rating Scale (P < 0.001).
The combination group used significantly lower doses of methylphenidate
compared to the other group (P = 0.002). The most common adverse
effects were anorexia (21.7%) and daytime drowsiness (17.4%) in combination
treatment group and insomnia (33.3%) and anorexia (25%) in methylphenidate
group. Risperidone and methylphenidate
may be effective and well tolerated in preschool children with ADHD, and adding risperidone to
methylphenidate may decrease the occurrence of some side effects of
methylphenidate such as insomnia and anorexia and lower the dose of
methylphenidate may be needed to control symptoms.
KEYWORDS:
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder;
methylphenidate; preschool children; risperidone
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